Melatonin works as a link between circadian rhythms of different target tissues distributed on our body. The pineal gland primarily secretes melatonin, but other tissues can synthesize this hormone, while the light and darkness cycle modulates its secretion. Melatonin had a close relationship with sleep cycles and mood, but new clinical applications are now known. This hormone and its derivatives have a potent detoxifying effect, portray antioxidant properties, and play an inflammatory modulation role in multiple mechanisms.
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Melatonin has multi-tasking properties that confer different regulatory actions. Indeed, this hormone binds to G-protein coupled melatonin receptors located on the plasma membrane, MT1/MT2. In turn, this binding mechanism activates molecular signaling pathways. Besides, the nuclear receptor family seems to have a high affinity for melatonin.ย
These high-affinity binding sites seem to play a vital role in melatoninโs antiproliferative activities on cancer cells and immunomodulation. On the other hand, melatoninโs receptor-independent signaling accounts for the radical scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS).
Melatonin seems to exert a blocking effect on NF-kB pathways, resulting in many different actions, either cytoprotective anti-inflammatory effects or inflammatory mechanisms.
The transcription factor, NF-kB, is dormant in the cellular cytoplasm but can activate in response to different inducers like bacterial LPS, ROS, and several cytokines. Nevertheless, in an arthritis context, the present macrophages can synthesize melatonin triggered by the NF-kB activation.
However, this mechanism can be present in the regulatory phase and chronic inflammation processes. This mechanism is possible by the same mediator induces antibodies in this autoimmune response, cReL. Therefore, it is vital to assess melatoninโs mechanism of action in rheumatoid arthritis. Studies suggest the following associations in regards to melatonin and RA:
The nutritional status of patients suffering from RA is critical. However, the body composition section of the nutritional assessment must be adapted to these patientsโ needs since pain present and movement are compromised. Recently, a study on juvenile patients with idiopathic arthritis (JIA) found a correlation between phase angle, nutritional status, and JIA. Indeed, this correlation provides a deeper insight into the uses of bioelectrical impedance and phase angle.
While RAโs inflammatory mechanisms are associated with the light-dark cycle and melatonin, in OA, melatonin has therapeutic potential. The cytoprotective effects that melatonin exerts to inhibit hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-stimulated cytotoxicity results in improved sirtuin 1 (Sirt1)
pathway mediation.
Sirt1 is an NAD+-dependent protein enzyme that influences the circadian rhythm in peripheral tissues. Following this pathway, melatonin can inhibit iNOs and COX while blocking the TNF-a, IL-1b, and IL-8 release.ย
Melatonin and its effects on H2O2 result in the phosphorylation inhibition of PI3K/Akt, p38, ERK, JNK, MAPK, and activation of NF-ฮบB. Also, the intervention with melatonin in an OA rabbit model resulted in reduced cartilage destruction. In mesenchymal stem cells, melatonin exerted scavenging activities, reducing the ROS and inducing chondrogenesis mediated by MSC. Besides this, SOD activity levels were preserved presumably due to melatoninโs action.
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We are going through tough times, therefore the correct information on how to manage our sleep hygiene is vital for us to manage our sleep time.
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The multi-tasking hormone melatonin is a critical player in inflammatory processes and a potent antioxidant that blocks inflammatory cascades. Indeed, this information sheds light on the relevance of keeping a sleeping routine, exposure to the sun, and potential complication of nocturnal shift workers. Also, melatonin can function very differently depending on the setting in which it is present. In RA, it can promote inflammatory responses while acting as a cytoprotective agent in OA.- Ana Paola Rodrรญguez Arciniega, MS
Jahanban-Esfahlan, Rana et al. โMelatonin in the regulation of inflammatory pathways in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis: involvement of circadian clock genes.โย British journal of pharmacologyย vol. 175,16 (2018): 3230-3238. doi:10.1111/bph.13898
Wiฤch, Paweล et al. โBody composition and phase angle as an indicator of nutritional status in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis.โย Pediatric rheumatology online journalย vol. 16,1 82. 27 Dec. 2018, doi:10.1186/s12969-018-0297-y
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The information herein on "Melatonin: Inflammatory Modulation" is not intended to replace a one-on-one relationship with a qualified health care professional or licensed physician and is not medical advice. We encourage you to make healthcare decisions based on your research and partnership with a qualified healthcare professional.
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We provide and present clinical collaboration with specialists from various disciplines. Each specialist is governed by their professional scope of practice and their jurisdiction of licensure. We use functional health & wellness protocols to treat and support care for the injuries or disorders of the musculoskeletal system.
Our videos, posts, topics, subjects, and insights cover clinical matters, issues, and topics that relate to and directly or indirectly support our clinical scope of practice.*
Our office has reasonably attempted to provide supportive citations and has identified the relevant research studies or studies supporting our posts. We provide copies of supporting research studies that are available to regulatory boards and the public upon request.
We understand that we cover matters that require an additional explanation of how they may assist in a particular care plan or treatment protocol; therefore, to discuss the subject matter above further, please feel free to ask Dr. Alex Jimenez, DC, APRN, FNP-C, or contact us at 915-850-0900.
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